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which of the following statements about sister chromatids is true

which of the following statements about sister chromatids is true

2 min read 05-02-2025
which of the following statements about sister chromatids is true

Sister chromatids are a crucial part of cell division and genetics. Understanding their characteristics is key to grasping the processes of mitosis and meiosis. This article will explore the true statement regarding sister chromatids among several options, clarifying common misconceptions. We'll delve into their structure, formation, and behavior during the cell cycle.

What are Sister Chromatids?

Before we address the true statement, let's define sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single chromosome. They are joined together at a point called the centromere. This pairing is formed during the S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle, when DNA replication occurs. Each chromatid contains the same genetic information, originating from the duplication of a single parental chromosome. Think of them as identical twins, except in this case, they are joined.

Understanding the Key Differences: Chromatids vs. Chromosomes

It's important to distinguish between sister chromatids and chromosomes. A chromosome is a single, complete DNA molecule containing many genes. Before DNA replication, a chromosome consists of just one chromatid. After replication, it consists of two sister chromatids, attached at the centromere. These sister chromatids separate during cell division, becoming individual chromosomes once more.

Common Statements About Sister Chromatids: Sorting Fact from Fiction

Let's examine some common statements about sister chromatids and determine which one is true. We'll address them individually to ensure a clear understanding:

Statement A: Sister chromatids are genetically different.

FALSE. Sister chromatids are genetically identical. They are formed through DNA replication, resulting in two exact copies of the same genetic information.

Statement B: Sister chromatids are joined at the telomeres.

FALSE. Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere, a specialized region of the chromosome. Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes.

Statement C: Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of mitosis.

TRUE. This is the correct statement. During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Each chromatid, now considered an individual chromosome, forms a complete set of genetic material for the new daughter cells.

Statement D: Sister chromatids only exist in prokaryotic cells.

FALSE. Sister chromatids are a feature of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes, which lack a defined nucleus, undergo a different form of cell division (binary fission).

Statement E: Sister chromatids always remain attached.

FALSE. Sister chromatids are connected until anaphase of mitosis or anaphase II of meiosis. This separation is essential for the proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

The Importance of Sister Chromatids in Cell Division

The separation of sister chromatids is a critical event in both mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, this process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete and identical set of chromosomes. In meiosis, the separation in meiosis I is different; homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain together. They separate in meiosis II. This contributes to genetic diversity.

Conclusion: The True Statement and its Significance

The true statement about sister chromatids is that they separate during anaphase of mitosis. This separation is fundamental to the accurate distribution of genetic material during cell division, maintaining the integrity of the genome in daughter cells. Understanding this process is crucial for comprehending cellular reproduction and the transmission of genetic information.

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